Introduction to Common Grades of Titanium Tubes!

2025-11-13

Chinese National Standard (GB) Grades

TA0: This is commercially pure titanium with good corrosion resistance and moderate strength. It has relatively low impurity content and is often used in special applications requiring high material purity, such as high-end electronics and chemical industries.
TA1: Also a grade of commercially pure titanium, it offers slightly higher strength than TA0, along with good toughness and weldability. It is widely used in aerospace, chemical, and medical fields—for example, in aircraft hydraulic system pipelines, corrosion-resistant pipes in chemical equipment, and some components in medical devices.
TA2: One of the most widely used grades of commercially pure titanium. It offers moderate strength and corrosion resistance with well-balanced comprehensive properties. It is used to make pipes for heat exchangers, condensers, evaporators, and other equipment, and is extensively applied in industries such as petrochemicals, power generation, and seawater desalination.
TA9: Typically contains a small amount of palladium, providing excellent corrosion resistance, particularly in strong corrosive media such as high-temperature, high-concentration acidic solutions. It is commonly used in chemical and pharmaceutical industries where extremely high corrosion resistance is required.
TA10: The main alloying elements are molybdenum and nickel, offering further improved corrosion resistance and strength. It can work stably for long periods in corrosive environments such as seawater and chlorides. It is widely used in marine engineering and shipbuilding—for example, in seawater cooling system pipes for ships and oil/gas pipelines for offshore platforms.
TC4: A typical α+β titanium alloy known for its high strength, good toughness, and fatigue resistance. After proper heat treatment, its mechanical properties can be further enhanced. In the aerospace sector, it is often used for key components such as aircraft structures and engine parts. It also has important applications in medical devices and the automotive industry.

American Standard (ASTM) Grades

Gr1: Corresponds to TA1 in the Chinese standard. It is a commercially pure titanium with good corrosion resistance, formability, and weldability, widely used in various applications requiring corrosion resistance and moderate strength.
Gr2: Equivalent to TA2 in the Chinese standard. It differs slightly from Gr1 in terms of strength and corrosion resistance, meeting a wider range of engineering application needs, such as piping systems in chemical equipment and marine engineering.
Gr5: Corresponds to TC4 in the Chinese standard. It is a high-strength titanium alloy with excellent overall performance, playing a critical role in high-tech fields such as aerospace and defense—for example, in manufacturing key components like aircraft beams and landing gear.
Gr7: Similar to TA9 in the Chinese standard, it contains added palladium, significantly improving its corrosion resistance in reducing media. It is commonly used in chemical and food processing industries for equipment and piping that require extremely high corrosion resistance.
Gr12: Corresponds to TA10 in the Chinese standard. It stands out among American standard titanium grades for its corrosion resistance and strength, making it particularly suitable for marine environments and highly corrosive industrial applications, such as seawater desalination plants and piping systems for marine vessels.

German Standard (DIN/Werkstoff Nr.) Grades

3.7025 (Ti1): This grade is equivalent to TA1 (GB) and Gr1 (ASTM). It is unalloyed titanium with very high corrosion resistance and excellent formability, making it suitable for deep drawing and other complex forming processes. It is commonly used in chemical apparatus, marine applications, and for cladding in aggressive environments.
3.7035 (Ti2): Corresponding to TA2 (GB) and Gr2 (ASTM), this is the most widely used grade of unalloyed titanium. It offers a good balance of strength, ductility, and corrosion resistance. Typical applications include heat exchangers, condenser tubes, and piping systems for the chemical process industry.
3.7164 (Ti6Al4V): This grade is equivalent to TC4 (GB) and Gr5 (ASTM). It is the most common alpha-beta alloy, offering high strength, good fatigue resistance, and excellent biocompatibility. Its uses are extensive in aerospace (structural components, engine parts), medical technology (implants), and high-performance automotive engineering.
3.7235 (TiPd): Similar to TA9 (GB) and Gr7 (ASTM), this grade contains a small addition of Palladium (0.12-0.25%). The palladium addition significantly enhances resistance to crevice and pitting corrosion in reducing media (e.g., non-oxidizing acids). It is specified for critical chemical processing equipment where standard grades are insufficient.
3.7105 (TiMoNi): This grade corresponds to TA10 (GB) and Gr12 (ASTM). It is an alloyed titanium grade with additions of Molybdenum and Nickel, providing improved corrosion resistance, particularly in hot brines, seawater, and weakly reducing acids. It is often used in offshore and marine applications, such as seawater cooling systems.

Japanese Standard (JIS) Grades

JIS Class 1: This grade is equivalent to TA1/Gr1/3.7025. It is commercially pure titanium with the highest formability and weldability among JIS grades, suitable for highly corrosive environments where mechanical strength is not the primary concern, such as in plates for chemical liners.
JIS Class 2: Corresponding to TA2/Gr2/3.7035, this is the standard and most common grade of pure titanium in Japan. It provides an excellent combination of corrosion resistance, formability, and strength, making it a versatile choice for general-purpose applications in heat exchangers, tanks, and piping.
JIS Class 3: This is a higher-strength pure titanium grade, positioned between Gr2 and Gr4 in terms of mechanical properties. It is used where greater strength is required than Class 2 offers, but the excellent corrosion resistance of pure titanium must be maintained, such as in condenser tubes for power plants.
JIS Class 60 (Ti-6Al-4V): This grade is equivalent to TC4/Gr5/3.7164. It is the workhorse alpha-beta titanium alloy in Japan, known for its high strength-to-weight ratio. It is extensively used in aerospace frames and components, gas turbine parts, and for high-stress surgical implants.
JIS Class 11/12 (Ti-Pd Alloy): These grades are analogous to TA9/Gr7/3.7235. Class 11 contains approximately 0.15% Pd, while Class 12 contains about 0.05% Pd. They offer superior corrosion resistance in oxidizing and, crucially, in reducing acidic environments (e.g., sulfuric, hydrochloric acid), making them essential for severe service conditions in chemical plants.

Titanium Flange

Titanium Tube

Titanium Rod

Titanium Wire

Titanium Sheet

Titanium Elbow

Titanium Bolts Nuts

Titanium Ring

Titanium Disc

Titanium Forgings

Titanium Ball Valve

Titanium Target

Titanium Equipment

Titanium Flange

Titanium Tube

Titanium Rod

Titanium Wire

Titanium Sheet

Titanium Elbow

Titanium Bolts Nuts

Titanium Ring

Titanium Disc

Titanium Forgings

Titanium Ball Valve

Titanium Target

Titanium Equipment

Introduction to Common Grades of Titanium Tubes!

Introduction to Common Grades of Titanium Tubes!