Common Grades and Applications of Titanium Alloy Bars and Forgings

Industrial Pure Titanium: TA1, TA2, TA3
Excellent stamping properties, suitable for various welding methods with good weldability (welded joints can reach 90% of base metal strength). Easily cut by saw or grinding wheel with good machinability. Excellent corrosion resistance for parts under 350°C with low stress and complex stamped shapes. Applications include:

• Power plant condensers

• Marine piping systems, valves, pumps for seawater corrosion resistance

• Chemical heat exchangers, pump bodies, distillation towers

• Seawater desalination systems, platinum-plated anodes

• Aircraft frameworks, skins, engine components, and beams

Titanium Alloy TA6
Good weldability with high creep strength but lower process plasticity. Can be deformed in hot state. Insensitive to notches under axial loads with acceptable machinability. For parts and welded components operating below 400°C.

Titanium Alloy TA7
Poor stamping but acceptable hot plasticity. All welding methods yield joints with strength and ductility matching the base metal. Machinability equals industrial pure titanium. Excellent corrosion and high-temperature stability. For long-term structural parts below 500°C and various forged components.

Titanium Alloy TA8
Good hot plasticity and weldability. Machinability matches industrial pure titanium. Excellent oxidation resistance for long-term parts below 500°C, e.g., engine compressor disks and blades.

Titanium Alloy TC1
Good stamping and weldability. Machinability equals industrial pure titanium. Oxidation-resistant for parts below 400°C, suitable for sheets, stamped, and welded components.

Titanium Alloy TC2
Maintains(endurance strength) >400MPa at 350°C for 100h. Good hot plasticity without embrittlement at 350–400°C, ideal for welded parts, forgings, and bent components below 500°C.

Titanium Alloy TC3
Poor stamping but good hot plasticity. Welded joints reach 90% base metal strength. Requires carbide tools, low speed, heavy feed, and cooling for machining. Excellent corrosion/thermal stability. Widely used for long-term parts below 400°C.

Titanium Alloy TC4 (Ti-6Al-4V)
(α+β) alloy with balanced mechanical properties. High specific strength (σb/ρ=23.5 vs. alloy steel’s <18). Low thermal conductivity (1/5 of iron, 1/10 of aluminum). Low elastic modulus (110GPa, ~half of steel), prone to deformation during machining. Ion implantation improves hardness and wear resistance (reduced friction coefficient). Used in aerospace, petrochemical, marine, automotive, medical, and mold industries for its corrosion resistance, lightweight, and weldability.

Titanium Alloy TC5
Stable below 350°C; plasticity declines at higher temperatures. Suitable for hot forging/stamping. For parts under 350°C.

Titanium Alloy TC9
Acceptable hot plasticity. Machinability matches TC4. High corrosion resistance and thermal stability for long-term parts below 400°C, e.g., compressor disks/blades.

Titanium Alloy TC10
Poor stamping but good hot plasticity. Welded joints reach 90% base strength. Machinability equals TC4. Good corrosion/thermal stability with notable heat treatment effects and hardenability. For long-term parts below 450°C.